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INDEX
GENERAL:
"The
total number of mammals and birds raised and killed for
food in the U.S. this year is expected to reach 9.906
billion. This represents a 2% increase over the
2000 figure of 9.713 billion."
(extrapolation of data published by USDA's National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS) by FARM:
http://www.farm.org For report pdf: http://www.wfad.org/RESOURCES/NRAnVictims2x.pdf)
[02.10.01.01]
"The
2001 total includes 40 million cattle
and calves (down 4% from 2000), 113
million pigs (down 2%), 4
million sheep (down 7%), 308
million turkeys (up 1.3%), 8,967
million 'broilers' (up 2%), 446
million laying hens (up 3.8%), and 25.6
million ducks (up 2.8%)." (extrapolation
of data published by USDA's National Agricultural Statistics
Service (NASS) by FARM: http://www.farm.org For report
pdf: http://www.wfad.org/RESOURCES/NRAnVictims2x.pdf)
[02.10.01.02]
"The
total [almost 10 billion] also includes nearly 860
million
animals who die from mistreatment before ever reaching
the slaughterhouse. It does not include the staggering
number of aquatic animals used for food, nor the
smaller
number of terrestrial animals hunted for food or because
they compete with farmed animals." (extrapolation
of data published by USDA's National Agricultural Statistics
Service (NASS) by FARM: http://www.farm.org For report
pdf: http://www.wfad.org/RESOURCES/NRAnVictims2x.pdf)
[02.10.01.03]
"The
9.900 million animals raised and killed for food
account
for 98% of all animals abused and killed annually in
the US. Approximately 135 million animals are killed
for 'sport',
25 million are used in biomedical research and testing,
and 10 million are put down in pounds."
(extrapolation of data published by USDA's National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS) by FARM: http://www.farm.org
For report pdf: http://www.wfad.org/RESOURCES/NRAnVictims2x.pdf)
[02.10.01.04]
"The
worldwide number of animals killed for food in 2000 was
45 billion, according to the UN Food and Agriculture
Organization. This included 306 million cattle, buffalo,
and calves, 1.2 billion pigs, 795 million sheep and goats,
and nearly 43 billion chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese.
The figures exclude some small countries and 'non-slaughter'
deaths, which are generally not reported."
(extrapolation of data published by USDA's National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS) by FARM: http://www.farm.org
For report pdf: http://www.wfad.org/RESOURCES/NRAnVictims2x.pdf)
[002.10.01.5]
"In
more personal terms, during a 75-year lifetime, a typical
U.S. resident is responsible for the suffering and death
of 11 cows, 32 pigs and sheep, 85 turkeys, 2,570 chickens
and ducks, and un-counted numbers of fish and other aquatic
animals." (extrapolation of data published
by USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)
by FARM: http://www.farm.org For report pdf: http://www.wfad.org/RESOURCES/NRAnVictims2x.pdf)
[02.10.01.06]
“A
common perception of livestock people is that animal rights
activists don’t understand the livestock industry
(they don’t ‘get it,’ in current terminology)
because of their urban backgrounds...The activists do
‘get it,’ they know what is going on, and
they don’t like it.” (Peter R. Cheeke,
Ph.D., Editor, Journal of Animal Science) (Cheeke, Peter,
Contemporary Issues in Animal Agriculture, 2nd ed., Interstate
Publishers, Danville, IL, 1999 pg. 258) [02.08.03:01]
“One
of the best things modern animal agriculture has going
for it is that most people... haven’t a clue how
animals are raised and processed... If most urban meat-eaters
were to visit an industrial broiler house, to see how
the birds are raised, and could see the birds being ‘harvested’
and then being ‘processed’ in a poultry processing
plant, some, perhaps many of them, would swear off eating
chicken and perhaps all meat. For modern animal agriculture,
the less the consumer knows about what’s happing
before the meat hits the plate, the better.”
(Peter R. Cheeke, Ph.D., Editor, Journal of animal Science;
Professor of Animal Science, Oregon State University)
(Cheeke, Peter, Contemporary Issues in Animal Agriculture,
2nd ed., Interstate Publishers, Danville, IL, 1999 pg.
248) [02.08.03:02]
"U.S.
society is extremely naive about the nature of (animal)
agricultural production... In fact, if the public knew
more about the way in which agricultural animal prodcution
infringes on animal welfare, the outcry would be louder...
If the public knew, for instance, that some swine (pigs)
raised in total confinement literally never see the light
of day, it would be more, not less, hostile to current
agriculture." (Bernard Rollin, Ph.D., Colorado
State University expert on animal farming, author of more
than 150 papers and 10 books on ethics and animal science)
(Rollin, Bernard, Farm Animal Welfare: Social, Bioethical
and Research Issues, Iowa State University Press, Ames
Iowa, 1995, pg. 23) [02.08.03:03]
“To
the experienced viewer, some routine farm handling practices
necessary to the welfare and health of the animal and
the insurance of quality food may appear brutal, just
as some life-saving human surgical and medical practices
may seem brutal to the casual observer. All of these practices
are done... to ensure the welfare of the animal.”
(Animal Industry Foundation) (Animal Agriculture:
Myths and Facts, Animal Industry Foundation, Arlington,
VA, 1989, pg. 13) [02.08.03:04]
“I
have witnessed with alarming frequency... physical abuse
of livestock during transportation... (I have seen ) hitting,
beating, jabbing of short objects into animals, and deliberate
cruelty.” (Temple Grandin, Ph.D., livestock
handling consultant to McDonald’s) [02.08.03:05]
“It
is a myth that farm animals are routinely raised on ‘factory
farms,’ confined in ‘crowded, unventilated
cages and sheds... ‘ One of the best strongholds
of animal welfare in our culture is the farmer... The
image of the family farm with its red barn, a few chickens
in the yard, some pigs in the mud and cows in the field
isn’t accurate anymore. But neither is the sterile,
mechanized, emotionless ‘food factory’ that
some would have us believe. Today, U.S. agriculture is
a dynamic, specialized endeavor, the envy of the rest
of the world... The key to this efficiency? The best cared
for livestock and poultry in the world... As American
animal agriculture grows and changes, there is a double
constant: Farmer’s concern for the welfare of the
animal, and their dedication to provding the highest quality
, safest food in the world.” (Animal Industry
Foundation) (Animal Agriculture: Myths and Facts, Animal
Industry Foundation, Arlington, VA, 1989, pg. 3, 5, 9)
[02.08.03:06]
“Agribusiness
companies tell us that animals in factory farms are ‘as
well cared for as their own pet dog or cat.’ Nothing
could be further from the truth. The life of an animal
in a factory farm is characterized by acute deprivation,
stress, and disease. Hundreds of millions of animals are
forced to live in cages or crates just barely larger than
their own bodies. While one species may be caged alone
without any social contact, another species may be crowded
so tightly together that they fall prey to stress-induced
cannibalism. Cannibalism is particularly prevalent in
the cramped confinement of hogs and laying hens. Unable
to groom, stretch their legs, or even turn around, the
victims of factory farms exist in a relentless state of
distress.” (Humane Farming Association) (“The
Dangers of Factory Farming,” Consumer Alert, Humane
Farming Association) [02.08.03:07]
CHICKENS:
"When
it comes to the words 'natural,' 'organic,' and
'free range'... federal law is and always was
toothless. It doesn't guarantee a thing... Poultry
companies use 'free range' strictly as a marketing
gimmick. legally, the phrase means nothing. There
is no law or regulation defining 'free range.'
... 'Natural' is another meaningless term... By
USDA's standards a Burger King Whopper is natural."
(Bjerklie, Steve, "Fowl Play," Sonoma
County Independent/Metro Active, May 15, 1997)
[02.10.01.01]
"Free
range doesn't mean anything... Conventional chicken
can use (the word) 'natural,' and that's totally
ridiculous. Right now anyone can say almost anything
on a label about their chicken. They're just hoodwinking
the public." (Bjerklie, Steve, "Fowl
Play," Sonoma County Independent/Metro Active,
May 15, 1997) [02.10.01.02]
"Advertisements
for "Happy Hen Organic Fertile Brown Eggs"
in Pennsylvania: The hens run free "ina natural
setting," and are "humanely housed in
healthy, open-sided housing, for daily sunning
--- something Happy Hens really enjoy." ("The
Rougher They Look, The Better They Lay,"
Poultry Press, Vol. 2, No.4) [02.10.01.03]
"Reality:
More than 7,000 birds are housed in each "Happy
Hen" barn; the wall to wall birds are severely
debeaked; and individual hens have no more than
11.5 square inches of space each."
("The Rougher They Look, The Better They
Lay," Poultry Press, Vol. 2, No.4)) [02.10.01.04]
"Number
of chickens slaughtered every minute in the U.S.: 14,000."
"What Humans Owe to Animals," The Economist, Aug 19,
1995. [02.06.27:01]
"U.S.
chickens infected with leukosis (chicken cancer) at time of slaughter:
90%." [02.06.27:02]
"Number
of cows and calves slaughtered every 24 hours in the U.S.: 90,000."
"What Humans Owe to Animals," The Economist, Aug
19, 1995. [02.06.27:03]
"U.S.
dairy cows: 10 million." Mason, Jim "Assault and Battery,"
Animals' Voice, Vol. 4, No. 2, pg. 33. [02.06.27:04]
"U.S.
dairy cows housed in some type of factory system: 5 million"
Mason, Jim "Assault and Battery," Animals' Voice, Vol.
4, No. 2, pg. 33. [02.06.27:05]
"Natural
life-span of a dairy cow: 20-25 years." [02.06.27:06]
"Lifespan
of U.S. dairy cows. 3-4 years." [02.06.27:07]
"Period
of time required for U.S. factory farms cows to produce their
own weight in milk today: 3 weeks." [02.06.27:08]
"For
some cows given bovine growth hormone: 8 days"[02.06.27:09]
"U.S.
dairy cows that at any given time have mastitis (painful udder
infections): 50%." Adcock, Melanie, "The Diary Cow:
America's 'Foster Mother,"' Humane Society of the United
States; http://www.hsus.org
[02.06.27:10]
"Materials
routinely fed to U.S. cattle: Dried poultry waste and sewage sludge."
Cheeke, Peter, Contemporary issues in Animal Agriculture, 2nd
ed, Interstate Publishers, Danville, IL, 1999 pg 76, 278. [02.06.27:11]
"Cattle
feed now contains things like chicken manure and dead cats."
(U.S. News and World Report, 1997) "The next bad beef scandal,"
U.S. News and World Report, Sept 1, 1997. [02.06.27:12]
FISH
"76%
of the world's fisheries are depleted or in steep decline. The
twin causes are pollution and overfishing." (Egan,
Timothy, "U.S. Fishing Fleet Trawling Coastal Water Without
Fish," New York Times, March 7, 1994, pg. A-1) [02.09.20.02]
"Amount
of fish caught per person, worldwide, and sold for human consumption
in 1996: 16 kilograms" (35.2 pounds) ("Monoculture:
the Biological and Social Impacts," WorldWatch, March/April
1998, pg. 39) [02.09.20.03]
"Amount
of marine life that was hauled up with the fish and discarded,
per person in 1996: 200 kilograms." (440 pounds)
("Monoculture: the Biological and Social Impacts," WorldWatch,
March/April 1998, pg. 39) [02.09.20.04]
"Amount
of world's fish catch fed to livestock: Half" (Holt,
S., "The Food Resources of the Ocean," Scientific American,
No. 221, pg. 178-94, 1969) [02.09.20.05]
"Amount
of fish consumed by U.S. livestock: More than eaten by the entire
human population of all the countries of Western Europe combined."
(Borgstrum, Georgee, The Hungry Planet, Collier Books, 1967, pg.
311) [02.09.20.06]
"Fish
consumed worldwide today that are raised in captivity: 20%"
(United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization, quoted
in "Factory Seafood Production," Farm Sanctuary, http://www.factoryfarming.com/fish)
[02.09.20.07]
"Salmon
consumed in 1990 that lived in captivity most of their lives:
6%" (McGinn, Anne Platt, "Blue Revolution --
the Promises and Pitfalls of Fish Farmings," WorldWatch,
March/April 1998, pg. 10-19) [02.09.20.08]
"Salmon
consumed in 1998 that lived in captivity most of their lives:
40%" (McGinn, Anne Platt, "Blue Revolution
-- the Promises and Pitfalls of Fish Farmings," WorldWatch,
March/April 1998, pg. 10-19) [02.09.20.09]
"World
fish farming production in 1984: 7 million tons."
(Brown, Lester, "Restructuring the Protein Economy,"
in Vital Signs 1999, WorldWatch Institute, pg. 20) [02.09.20.10]
"World
fish farming production in 1998: 27 million tons."
(Brown, Lester, "Restructuring the Protein Economy,"
in Vital Signs 1999, WorldWatch Institute, pg. 20) [02.09.20.11]
"Atlantic
salmon in 1975: 800,000" (Atlantic salmon in short
supply, BBC News Online, May 31, 2000) [02.09.20.12]
"Atlantic
salmon in 2000: 80,000" (Atlantic salmon in short
supply, BBC News Online, May 31, 2000) [02.09.20.13]
"One
of the three reasons singled out by the World Wide Fund for Nature
and the North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization for this
loss: Disease and parasites stemming from salmon farms."
(Atlantic salmon in short supply, BBC News Online, May 31, 2000)
[02.09.20.14]
"Other
two reasons: Dams which block the fish from passage to suitable
spawning grounds, and industrial and agricultural pollution."
(Atlantic salmon in short supply, BBC News Online, May 31, 2000)
[02.09.20.15]
"Size
of standard salmon at 18 months of age: 1/2 pound."
(Carol Kaesuk Yoon, "Altered Salmon Lead the Way to the Dinner
Plate, but Rules Lag, New York Times, May 1, 2000) [02.09.20.16]
"Size
of genetically engineered salmon at same age: 7 pounds."
(Carol Kaesuk Yoon, "Altered Salmon Lead the Way to the Dinner
Plate, but Rules Lag, New York Times, May 1, 2000) [02.09.20.17]
"Commercial
orders received by the company that developed these genetically
engineered salmn immediately after they were available in 2000:
15 million eggs." (Carol Kaesuk Yoon, "Altered
Salmon Lead the Way to the Dinner Plate, but Rules Lag, New York
Times, May 1, 2000) [02.09.20.18]
"How
often farmed salmon escape: Routinely, sometimes by the tens of
thousands." (Carol Kaesuk Yoon, "Altered Salmon
Lead the Way to the Dinner Plate, but Rules Lag, New York Times,
May 1, 2000) [02.09.20.19]
"Impact
on children born to women who consumed fish from Lake Michigan
just 2 or 3 times a month during pregnancy: More sluggish at birth,
smaller heads, lower IQs, cognitive difficulties."
("Fish and Mental Deficits," Good Medicine, Summer 1997,
pg. 4) [02.09.20.20]
"Reason:
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) -- industrial chemicals that
have long been associated with brain disorders in children, found
in Great Lakes fish." ("Fish and Mental Deficits,"
Good Medicine, Summer 1997, pg. 4) [02.09.20.21]
"Number
of states that have issued advisories against eating local fish
because of PCB and dioxin contamination: 46" ("State
of the World 2000", WorldWatch Institute, W. W. Norton, New
York, 2000, pg. 89) [02.09.20.22]
PIGS:
"Materials
routinely given to U.S. pigs: Raw poultry and pig manure."
[02.06.27:13]
"Water
routinely given to U.S. pigs: Liquid wastes draining from manure
pits." [02.06.27:14]
"U.S.
pigs infected with pneumonia at time of slaughter: 70 - 80%."
Research by Eli Lilly and Co. and Flanco Products Co., reported
in "The Dangers of Factory Farming," Humane Farming
Association. [02.06.27:15]
"Approximately
45 million turkeys are killed each year at Thanksgiving.
Before ending up as the holiday centerpiece, these gentle
birds spend five to six months on factory farms, 15,000
of them packed tightly in dark sheds, with only 3 square
feet of space per bird. To keep the overcrowded birds
from scratching and pecking each other to death, factory
workers slice off a portion of their upper beaks and toes
with a hot blade. No anesthetics are used during this
agonizing procedure." (Karen Davis, "The
Modern Turkey: In Need of Thanksgiving Deliverance,"
The Animals’ Agenda, Nov.-Dec. 1992, p. 27, http://www.peta.org/mc/facts/fsveg122.html)
[02.11.24:01]
"Consider this: More than 40 million farmed
turkeys will be served up for Thanksgiving dinner, according
to the Humane Society of the United States. Unlike wild
turkeys, which roam forests and pastures throughout the
lower 48 states, domestic turkeys are raised on factory
farms, where thousands of the animals are crowded into
small areas of space." (http://www.enn.com/news/enn-stories/2000/11/11232000/turkeytime_40392.asp)
[02.11.24:02]
"In
the wild, turkeys display complex social interactions
with one another. Foraging over a range that can cover
up to 11 square miles, they fulfill their dietary requirements
mainly with nuts, acorns and grass. By contrast, turkeys
raised on factory farms experience little semblance of
a natural life. They spend their lives cooped up in barns,
and they are given concentrated feed laden with antibiotics
to prevent disease and to boost growth. "Turkeys
are deprived of their most basic physical and behavioral
needs, " said Dave Kuemmerle, program manager of
sustainable agriculture for the Humane Society. "In
addition, this form of agriculture is detrimental to the
environment and poses serious human health concerns."
(http://www.enn.com/news/enn-stories/2000/11/11232000/turkeytime_40392.asp)
[02.11.24:03]
"A
virus that infects young turkeys has been identified by
the USDA's Agricultural Research Service. First seen in
the southeastern United States poultry industry in the
early 1990s, this "astrovirus" is now circulating
throughout the United States. The virus, which is also
associated with diarrhea outbreaks in humans and other
animals, is linked to another widespread production disease
in very young turkeys called Poult Enteritis Mortality
Syndrome (PEMS). This highly infectious, transmissible
disease causes severe diarrhea, stunted growth, high death
rates, and lifelong harm to the turkey's immune system,
and leaves the birds extremely susceptible to other infections.
From USDA ARS News Service, October 11, 2001. "
(http://www.upc-online.org/winter2001/turkey_virus.html)
[02.11.24:04]
"Unlike
the United Kingdom, Canada, Sweden, and most other modern
nations, the United States does not extend federal humane
slaughter protective legislation to turkeys or other fowl,
even though birds constitute the enormous bulk of animals
killed for food each year in this country, totalling well
over six out of seven billion animals. In 1991, 285 million
turkeys were killed. The National Turkey Federation (the
U.S. trade group), as expected, opposes humane slaughter
protective legislation for poultry in the United States.""
(http://www.upc-online.org/turkey.html
) [02.11.24:05]
"Because
commercial turkeys are raised to grow at a rapid rate,
their legs have difficulty supporting their plump bodies,
the Humane Society notes. They often die of heart attacks
because their internal organs cannot keep up the same
growth rate. Selectively bred to produce more white meat,
their chests become so large that they cannot mate under
natural circumstances and as a result, they are bred though
artificial insemination. " (http://www.enn.com/news/enn-stories/2000/11/11232000/turkeytime_40392.asp)
[02.11.24:06]
"Commercial turkeys are in such close quarters
that they peck at one another out of boredom," Kuemmerle
[Humane Society] explained. "To prevent the turkeys
from bumping and bruising each others' meat, they routinely
have their beaks and snoods (the loose red skin attached
to their heads) cut off. No anesthetic is used during
this process, and many people don't realize this is a
routine practice in the poultry industry."
(http://www.enn.com/news/enn-stories/2000/11/11232000/turkeytime_40392.asp)
[02.11.24:07]
"According
to standards set by the Food Safety and Inspection Service,
it is acceptable for up to half (49.9 percent) of the
ground turkey purchased by consumers to be contaminated
with salmonella." (USDA, Food Safety and
Inspection Service, “HACCP Implementation: First-Year
Salmonella Test Results, January 26, 1998, to January
25, 1999,” p. 2, http://www.peta.org/mc/facts/fsveg122.html)
[02.11.24:08]
îAmerican
turkeys contaminated with Campylobacter (according to
major USDA tests in 1996-97): 90%î
(ìHow Hazardous is Your Turkey?î Center for Science
in the Public Interest news release, Nov. 19, 1998) [02.08.03.10]
îCampylobacter
kills an estimated 100 Americans and sickens almost two
million others each year, according to the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, while Salmonella causes
an estimated 1.3 million illnesses, 15,000 hospitalizations,
and 500 deaths annually. Those illnesses are characterized
by diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramping, nausea, or headache.
Salmonella and Campylobacter are also linked to other
serious chronic illnesses, like reactive arthritis and
Guillian Barre syndrome,respectively.î (http://www.cspinet.org/new/foodsafety02_14_02.html)
[02.11.24.09]
îTurkey
is completely devoid of fiber and carbohydrates and loaded
with even more fat and cholesterol than many cuts of beef
(for instance, a turkey’s leg contains about 72
milligrams of cholesterol and is 47 percent fat)î ("Where’s
the Fat?," U.S. News & World Report, 4 Jun. 1990,
http://www.peta.org/mc/facts/fsveg122.html)
[02.11.24.10]
"Turkeys
must stand mired in layers of waste while urine and ammonia
fumes burn their eyes and lungs. They are fed antibiotics
and are purposely bred to gain an enormous amount of weight
in a short period of time.î (Rick Weiss,
"Techno Turkeys," The Washington Post, 12 Nov.
1997, p. H1, http://www.peta.org/mc/facts/fsveg122.html
) [02.11.24.11]
"A
survey of 451 federal inspectors, conducted by Public
Citizen, the Government Accountability Project, and the
American Federation of Government Employees, showed that
safety inspectors were concerned that poultry products
are also contaminated with animal feces, vomit, and metal
shards because of lax standards set by the USDA.î
(Julie Vorman, "Feces, Vomit on Raw Meat a Growing
Risk, Say Consumer Groups," Health News, 6 Sep. 2000,
http://www.peta.org/mc/facts/fsveg122.html
) [02.11.24.12]
"In
an average lifetime, just one American devours 65 turkeys.î
("Overview of U.S. Meat and Poultry Production and
Consumption," American Meat Institute, Jun. 2001,
http://www.peta.org/mc/facts/fsveg122.html
) [02.11.24.13]
"The
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) estimates
that salmonella is present in 35 percent of turkeys.î
(Joby Warrick, “An Outbreak Waiting to Happen: Beef-Inspection
Failures Let in a Deadly Microbe,” The Washington
Post, 9 Apr. 2001, p. A01., http://www.peta.org/mc/facts/fsveg122.html
) [02.11.24.14]
ANIMAL
FACTORIES/PRODUCTION:
"It
is a myth that farming in the U.S. is controlled by large corporations
which care about profits and not about animal welfare." "Animal
Agriculture: Myths and Facts, Animal Industry Foundation, Arlington
VA, 1989, pg 9. [02.06.27:16]
"U.S.
poultry production controlled by 8 largest chicken processors
in 1978: 25.3%." Feedstuffs, July 6, 1998. [02.06.27:17]
"In
1998: 61.5%." Feedstuffs, July 6, 1998. [02.06.27:18]
"Net
worth of chicken producer Donald Tyson: $1.2 billion."
Feedstuffs, Oct 6, 1997, pg 2. [02.06.27:19]
"Average
hourly wage of Tyson poultry processing plant worker: $5.27",
Schrimper, R, "U.S. poultry processing employment and hourly
earnings," Joumal of Applied Poultry Research 1997;6:81-89.
[02.06.27:20]
"U.S.
turkey market controlled by the 6 largest processors: 50%."
Figures published by the National Turkey Federation, cited in
Wolfson, David, Beyond The Law: Agribusiness and the systemic
abuse of animals raised for food or food production, Farm Sanctuary,
1999. [02.06.27:21]
"U.S.
beef market controlled by the 4 largest beef-packers: 81%."
Figures from Drover's Journal, July 1997, cited in Wolfson, David,
Beyond The Law: Agribusiness and the systemic abuse of animals
raised for food or food production, Farm Sanctuary, 1999. [02.06.27:22]
"U.S.
hog slaughter controlled by 4 corporations: 50%." Wolfson,
David, Beyond The Law: Agribusiness and the systemic abuse of
animals raised for food or food production, Farm Sanctuary, 1999.
[02.06.27:23]
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